The first of the American celebrations of this Raphael year opened in January, and is still on view at the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, California. ‘Raphael 2020’, as its concise title suggests, takes a quintessential approach to the Raphael quincentenary, focusing on a single, very great painting in the museum’s own collection. The exhibition was curated by Gloria Williams Sander of the Norton Simon Museum, who kindly accompanied the writer to the show and provided the two photographs illustrated here. (FIGURES 1 and 2).
Scholars agree that Raphael painted The Madonna and Child with a Book in Perugia in around 1502 and 1503, at the latest. These two years marked a critical moment in the young man’s development, when he took up residence in Perugia, the artistic center of Umbria. Following the success of his first independent works in nearby Città di Castello, the twenty-year-old felt ready for the challenge of establishing a career in competition with the two older masters from whom he had learned – and was still learning — the most: Perugino and Pinturicchio. These Umbrian artists shared a specialty in intimate portraits of the Madonna and Child made for private devotion in palaces, as opposed to churches.
In precisely these years, 1502-1503, Pinturicchio had engaged Raphael to assist him with the design of frescoes for the Libreria Piccolomini in the Duomo of Siena. The motif of the Madonna and Child immersed in love as they read together from a Book of Hours was particularly favored by Pinturicchio, who depicted it more often than any other painter at this time. Despite these influences, however, the Norton Simon painting displays the unmistakable signs of the young man’s originality. In his portrayal, Mary encloses the Child and the Book in her hands while He gently her attention to the words. The ‘sheer pictorial genius’ of their silent communion was analyzed by John Pope-Hennessy in six full pages in his classic Raphael of 1970. “The book is thrust forward, so that the space within the painting is defined, and by the simple expedient of placing the Child’s foot in the left hand of the Virgin” (p. 178). The British scholar pointed to the delicacy of Raphael’s careful study, now in the British Museum, for the face of the Madonna, one of the artist’s earliest masterpieces of draftsmanship. (FIGURE 3)
John T. SPIKE New York March /8/ 2020
Testo Italiano
La prima delle celebrazioni americane di di Raffaello si è aperta a gennaio ed è ancora in mostra al Norton Simon Museum di Pasadena, in California.
“Raphael 2020”, come suggerisce il titolo conciso, adotta un approccio per antonomasia alla ricorrenza del cinquencentenario della scomparsa dell’artista, concentrandosi su un unico, grandissimo dipinto nella collezione del museo. La mostra è stata curata da Gloria Williams Sander del Norton Simon Museum, che ha gentilmente accompagnato chi scrive alla mostra e fornito le due fotografie qui illustrate. (FIGURE 1 e 2). Gli studiosi concordano sul fatto che Raffaello dipinse La Madonna col Bambino con un libro a Perugia al più tardi tra il 1502 e il 1503. Questi due anni hanno segnato un momento critico nello sviluppo del giovane, quando ha preso residenza a Perugia, il centro artistico dell’Umbria. Dopo il successo dei suoi primi lavori indipendenti nella vicina Città di Castello, appena ventenne si sentì pronto per la sfida di stabilire una carriera in competizione con i due maestri più anziani dai quali aveva imparato – e stava ancora imparando : Perugino e Pinturicchio. Questi artisti umbri erano specialisti dei ritratti più intimi della Madonna col Bambino realizzati per devozione privata nei palazzi, al differnza che nelle chiese. Proprio in questi anni, 1502-1503, Pinturicchio aveva ingaggiato Raffaello per assisterlo nella progettazione di affreschi per la Libreria Piccolomini nel Duomo di Siena. Il motivo della Madonna col Bambino immerso nell’amore mentre leggevano insieme da un Libro delle Ore è stato preferito particolarmente da Pinturicchio, che lo rappresentava più spesso di qualsiasi altro artista in questo periodo. Nonostante queste influenze, tuttavia, il dipinto di Norton Simon mostra i segni inconfondibili dell’originalità del giovane. Nel suo ritratto, Maria racchiude il Bambino e il Libro nelle sue mani mentre egli delicatamente dirige la sua attenzione alle parole. Il “genio pittorico puro” espresso in questa silenziosa comunione fu analizzato da John Pope-Hennessy in sei pagine complete nel suo classico Raffaello del 1970. “Il libro è spinto in avanti, in modo che lo spazio all’interno del dipinto sia definito, e dal semplice espediente di mettere il piede del Bambino nella mano sinistra della Vergine ”(p. 178). Lo studioso britannico ha sottolineato la delicatezza dell’attento studio di Raffaello, ora al British Museum, per il volto della Madonna, uno dei primi capolavori della stesura dell’artista.( Figura 3)
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